Chimney Wikipedia. A chimney is a structure that provides ventilation for hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. Chimneys are typically vertical, or as near as possible to vertical, to ensure that the gases flow smoothly, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney effect. The space inside a chimney is called a flue. Chimneys may be found in buildings, steam locomotives and ships. In the United States, the term smokestack colloquially, stack is also used when referring to locomotive chimneys or ship chimneys, and the term funnel can also be used. The height of a chimney influences its ability to transfer flue gases to the external environment via stack effect. Additionally, the dispersion of pollutants at higher altitudes can reduce their impact on the immediate surroundings. In the case of chemically aggressive output, a sufficiently tall chimney can allow for partial or complete self neutralization of airborne chemicals before they reach ground level. The dispersion of pollutants over a greater area can reduce their concentrations and facilitate compliance with regulatory limits. Historyedit. A smoke hood in the Netherlands. Image Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. Chimney pots in London, England, seen from the tower of Westminster Roman Catholic cathedral. Seagull sits on top of a hot gas cooling chimney at The World of Glass St. Helens UK. Romans used tubes inside the walls to draw smoke out of bakeries but chimneys only appeared in large dwellings in northern Europe in the 1. The earliest extant example of an English chimney is at the keep of Conisbrough Castle in Yorkshire, which dates from 1. AD. 3 However, they did not become common in houses until the 1. The Project Gutenberg EBook of Moby Dick or The Whale, by Herman Melville This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions. Download Qq Browser For Mobile Htc Price. A Classic Ferry Clas Mansion. Solid brick 18 inches thick Tudor Revival, five fireplaces, Hilarious history. The book contains cadunk, their jewels, forbidden fruit, a french crisis, and only a boy food of the gods, on the delaware, grace before meat, midnight threnody. BEETLE JUICE 2nd Draft by Michael McDowell. Smoke hoods were an early method of collecting the smoke into a chimney see image. Another step in the development of chimneys was the use of built in ovens which allowed the household to bake at home. Industrial chimneys became common in the late 1. Chimneys in ordinary dwellings were first built of wood and plaster or mud. Since then chimneys have traditionally been built of brick or stone, both in small and large buildings. Early chimneys were of a simple brick construction. Later chimneys were constructed by placing the bricks around tile liners. To control downdrafts, venting caps often called chimney pots with a variety of designs are sometimes placed on the top of chimneys. In the 1. 8th and 1. In the north of England, long near horizontal chimneys were built, often more than 3 km 2 mi long, which typically terminated in a short vertical chimney in a remote location where the fumes would cause less harm. Lead and silver deposits formed on the inside of these long chimneys, and periodically workers would be sent along the chimneys to scrape off these valuable deposits. Constructionedit. A section of a large late Georgian four storey house, showing the advantage of using a mechanical sweeper over climbing boys. As a result of the limited ability to handle transverse loads with brick, chimneys in houses were often built in a stack, with a fireplace on each floor of the house sharing a single chimney, often with such a stack at the front and back of the house. Todays central heating systems have made chimney placement less critical, and the use of non structural gas vent pipe allows a flue gas conduit to be installed around obstructions and through walls. In fact, most modern high efficiency heating appliances do not require a chimney. Such appliances are generally installed near an external wall, and a noncombustible wall thimble allows a vent pipe to run directly through the external wall. It5ewv3IBfs/0.jpg' alt='Cracking Plaster On Chimney Breast' title='Cracking Plaster On Chimney Breast' />On a pitched roof where a chimney penetrates a roof, flashing is used to seal up the joints. The down slope piece is called an apron, the sides receive step flashing and a cricket is used to divert water around the upper side of the chimney underneath the flashing. Industrial chimneys are commonly referred to as flue gas stacks and are generally external structures, as opposed to those built into the wall of a building. They are generally located adjacent to a steam generating boiler or industrial furnace and the gases are carried to them with ductwork. Today the use of reinforced concrete has almost entirely replaced brick as a structural component in the construction of industrial chimneys. Refractory bricks are often used as a lining, particularly if the type of fuel being burned generates flue gases containing acids. Modern industrial chimneys sometimes consist of a concrete windshield with a number of flues on the inside. The 3. 00 m 9. 80 ft chimney at Sasol Three consists of a 2. The reinforced concrete can be cast by conventional formwork or sliding formwork. The height is to ensure the pollutants are dispersed over a wider area to meet legal or other safety requirements. A common question often asked is, can I paint over lining paper This post answers that question and gives advice about lining paper. Chicago. Hog Butcher for the World, Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat, Player with Railroads and the Nations Freight Handler Stormy, husky, brawling. Answers to your questions from our Tech Experts. Heres a taste of some of the Technical Expert questions and answers to help you with your own projects. A chimney is a structure that provides ventilation for hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. Closing a Fireplace. A fireplace, which is not used anymore, can be successfully closed to allow more wall space Adding an Air Brick and Caping off the Chimney. A chimney with two clay tile flue liners. A flue liner is a secondary barrier in a chimney that protects the masonry from the acidic products of combustion, helps prevent flue gas from entering the house, and reduces the size of an oversized flue. Newly built chimneys have been required by building codes to have a flue liner in many locations since the 1. Chimneys built without a liner can usually have a liner added, but the type of liner needs to match the type of appliance it is servicing. Flue liners may be clay tile, metal, concrete tiles, or poured in place concrete. Clay tile flue liners are very common in the United States. However, this is the only liner which does not meet Underwriters Laboratories 1. Clay tiles are usually about 2 feet 0. A refractory cement is used between each tile. Metal liners may be stainless steel, aluminum, or galvanized iron and may be flexible or rigid pipes. Stainless steel is made in several types and thicknesses. Type 3. 04 is used with firewood, wood pellet fuel, and non condensing oil appliances, types 3. AL 2. 9 4. C is used with non condensing gas appliances. Stainless steel liners must have a cap and be insulated if they service solid fuel appliances, but following the manufacturers instructions carefully. Aluminum and galvanized steel chimneys are known as class A and class B chimneys. Class A are either an insulated, double wall stainless steel pipe or triple wall, air insulated pipe often known by its genericized trade name Metalbestos. Class B are uninsulated double wall pipes often called B vent, and are only used to vent non condensing gas appliances. These may have an aluminum inside layer and galvanized steel outside layer. Condensing boilers do not need a chimney. Concrete flue liners are like clay liners but are made of a refractory cement and are more durable than the clay liners. Poured in place concrete liners are made by pouring special concrete into the existing chimney with a form. These liners are highly durable, work with any heating appliance, and can reinforce a weak chimney, but they are irreversible. Chimney pots, caps and topsedit. Rows of chimney pots in an English town, 1. A chimney pot is placed on top of the chimney to expand the length of the chimney inexpensively, and to improve the chimneys draft. A chimney with more than one pot on it indicates that there is more than one fireplace on different floors sharing the chimney. A chimney cowl is placed on top of the chimney to prevent birds and other animals from nesting in the chimney. Average Labour CostPrice to Plaster a Ceiling Plasterers RatesJob 1. You have a 1. 2 x 1. All the ceiling is to come down, including the mouldings. You are clearing the room completely and organising its return. This will take a plasterer and his mate a day to bring it down, clear up, get the new boards into the room and fix them. They will then take half a day to plaster, clear up and go to the tip. If he has to remove wallpaper and make good the top of the walls all round, which he will have to do, if a Victorian moulding has come down. If you want him to clear the room and put it back2. A carpet fitter will charge4. To run in a fairly ordinary Victorian mouldingand fit central plaster ceiling rose. To fit a Gyproc coving 2. To re fit your central light, a sparks will charge4. To collect and return the loft insulation DO WHAT1. NOW you can start decorating Job 2. This is perfectly acceptable. All the above extras may apply here as well but we will assume you are doing all the room clearing etc. He is fixing new plasterboard and plastering the ceiling only. Thats one day for the 2 of them3. Job 3. You have fitted the plasterboard, all he has to do is scrim out and plaster. Material Information One bag of finish plaster 6 5l tub of PVA 1. Standard Job to plaster one 4m x 4m ceiling. Assumption ceiling is sound, with loose plaster. Labour and materials 1. PVA, one bag of plaster.